A plaque with victims' names has been unveiled in the gardens of Parliament House in Canberra, according to BBC.
The Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 was flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur when it crashed on July 17, 2014.
Australian lawmakers interrupted their mid-year holidays to take part in the national memorial service in the capital.
Speaking at the memorial, held inside the Great Hall of Parliament House, Prime Minister Tony Abbott said Australians owed it to the dead to bring the guilty to justice.
"Their passing leaves a void that can never be filled and a pain that still throbs," he said.
Abbott said he was humbled by the way the families and friends of the people killed on the flight had coped.
"In the worst of times you have displayed the strength of giants and the grace of angels," he said.
After the memorial, Abbott met victims' families and friends.
On July 16, Russian President Vladimir Putin rejected calls by the UK, Australia, the Netherlands, Malaysia and Ukraine to establish a UN tribunal to prosecute suspects.
The Kremlin said in a statement that Putin had "explained Russia's position regarding the premature and counter-productive initiatives of several countries, including the Netherlands, on the establishment of an international tribunal".
It also criticized what it said was politicized media coverage of the disaster.
A final report on the cause of the crash is due to be released in October by the Dutch Safety Board. The Netherlands is leading the criminal investigation and is being assisted by Belgium, Australia and Ukraine.
The Malaysia Airlines' passenger list showed flight MH17 was carrying 193 Dutch nationals (including one with dual U.S. nationality), 43 Malaysians (including 15 crew), 27 Australians, 12 Indonesians and 10 Britons (including one with dual South African citizenship).
